Dementia is a progressive condition that impacts various parts of the brain, often leading to difficulties with memory, thinking, behavior, and especially language. Individuals living with dementia may struggle to find the right words, follow conversations, or understand what others are saying.
For those who are bilingual or multilingual, it is common to experience a regression to their primary or native language as the condition progresses. This phenomenon, known as language regression, may be noticed when a person unknowingly begins a sentence in their first language and then switches to English, or vice versa. This blending of languages can be a subtle yet telling sign of cognitive decline.
WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?
Dementia usually affects short-term memory first. Since a second language is often learned later in life, it’s stored in short-term memory and becomes harder to access. A person’s first language is stored in long-term memory, so it often stays with them longer.
This doesn’t mean the person no longer understands English—they may still comprehend it but struggle to respond, often mixing languages or reverting to their first language. As dementia progresses and long-term memory is affected, communication in any language may become increasingly difficult.
TIPS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH SOMEONE EXPERIENCING LANGUAGE REGRESSION
- When possible, try to involve caregivers who are fluent in their language. This builds trust and supports daily care needs.
- Utilize professional interpretive services, such as in-person help, handheld devices, mobile phone apps, or even video options. Interpreters can make a significant difference during medical appointments or important conversations.
- Encourage non-verbal communication skills, such as gestures, facial expressions, or visual tools like pictures and symbols. Creativity can help your loved one express their needs and emotions when words are hard to find.
SOURCE
Losing your English: ‘Reverting’ to your mother tongue as dementia progresses | Alzheimer’s Society